Annexation
The process by which a city expands its boundaries by incorporating adjacent land.
Brown Act
California law that guarantees the public’s right to attend and participate in meetings of local government bodies.
CEQA (California Environmental Quality Act)
State law requiring environmental review of projects and policies that may impact the environment.
City Charter
A legal document establishing a city and outlining its governance structure and powers.
City Council
The legislative body of a city government, typically composed of elected representatives.
City Manager
The chief administrative officer responsible for implementing city policies and overseeing day-to-day operations.
Eminent Domain
The power of a municipality to take private property for public use, with compensation to the owner.
General Obligation Bonds
Bonds backed by the full faith and credit of the issuing municipality, typically repaid through taxes.
General Plan
A long-term policy document that guides land use, development, and growth in a municipality.
Initiative
A process allowing citizens to propose new laws or amendments to the city charter by gathering signatures for a ballot measure.
Municipal Code
A codified collection of laws, regulations, and ordinances governing a city or local government.
Municipal Liability
Legal responsibility of a city for damages or injuries caused by the city or its employees.
Ordinance
A law or regulation enacted by a municipal government.
Public Participation
Legal requirements and procedures for involving citizens in the decision-making process, such as public hearings.
Public Works
Government projects related to infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, water supply, and public buildings.
Redevelopment Agency (RDA)
A public body created to eliminate blight and stimulate economic development within a specific area.
Referendum
A vote by the public on a law or policy passed by the city council, allowing citizens to approve or reject it.
Revenue Bonds
Bonds issued by a municipality to finance projects, repaid from the revenue generated by those projects.
Special District
A separate governmental unit created to perform a specific function, such as water supply or fire protection, within a defined area.
Zoning
Regulations governing the use of land and buildings within certain areas of a city, such as residential, commercial, or industrial zones.